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Bank of England Museum : London

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Bank of England Museum at London

Known affectionately by Londoners as “the Old Lady of Threadneedle Street", the Bank of England is one of Britain’s most famous and august institutions. The Museum is housed within the Bank of England itself, right at the heart of the City of London. It traces the history of the Bank from its foundation by Royal Charter in 1694 to its role today as the nation’s central bank.

It performs all the recognized functions of a central bank – to maintain price stability, and subject to that, to support the economic policy of Her Majesty’s Government (Bank of England Act 1998) in order to promote economic growth. It has a monopoly on the issue of banknotes in England and Wales (see Sterling); it is both the Government’s banker and the bankers’ bank; a “Lender of Last Resort"; it manages the country’s foreign exchange and gold reserves; it used to be responsible for the regulation and supervision of the banking industry (see Johnson Matthey, BCCI, and Barings), although this responsibility was transferred to the Financial Services Authority in June 1998. Since 1997 the Monetary Policy Committee has had the responsibility for setting the official interest rate. Scottish and Northern Irish banks retain the right to issue their own banknotes, but they must be backed one to one with deposits in the Bank of England, excepting a few million pounds representing the value of notes they had in circulation in 1845. It maintains the Government’s Consolidated Fund account. Computershare took over as the registrar for UK Government bonds (known as gilts) from the Bank at the end of 2004.

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